Cromo-Comod

Cromo-Comod may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Cromo-Comod

Cromoglicic Acid

Cromoglicic Acid is reported as an ingredient of Cromo-Comod in the following countries:

• Israel

International Drug Name Search

Floderm

Floderm may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Floderm

Betamethasone

Betamethasone 17α,21-dipropionate (a derivative of Betamethasone) is reported as an ingredient of Floderm in the following countries:

• Japan

International Drug Name Search

Erythrocin Intramammary

Erythrocin Intramammary may be available in the countries listed below.

In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.

Ingredient matches for Erythrocin Intramammary

Erythromycin

Erythromycin is reported as an ingredient of Erythrocin Intramammary in the following countries:

• United Kingdom

International Drug Name Search

Amlodipin Stiching Registratiebeheer

Amlodipin Stiching Registratiebeheer may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Amlodipin Stiching Registratiebeheer

Amlodipine

Amlodipine is reported as an ingredient of Amlodipin Stiching Registratiebeheer in the following countries:

• Slovenia

International Drug Name Search

Zincobal-G

Zincobal-G may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Zincobal-G

Gabapentin

Gabapentin is reported as an ingredient of Zincobal-G in the following countries:

• India

Mecobalamin

Mecobalamin is reported as an ingredient of Zincobal-G in the following countries:

• India

International Drug Name Search

Deprectal-S

Deprectal-S may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Deprectal-S

Oxcarbazepine

Oxcarbazepine is reported as an ingredient of Deprectal-S in the following countries:

• Mexico

International Drug Name Search

Cloprostenol

In some countries, this medicine may only be approved for veterinary use.

Scheme

Rec.INN

CAS registry number (Chemical Abstracts Service)

0040665-92-7

Chemical Formula

C22-H29-Cl-O6

Molecular Weight

424

Therapeutic Category

Prostaglandin analogue

Chemical Name

5-Heptenoic acid, 7-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-, (1-alpha-(Z),2-beta-(1E,3R*),3-alpha,5-alpha)- (+-)- (ChemIDplus)

Foreign Names

• Cloprostenolum (Latin)
• Cloprostenol (German)
• Cloprosténol (French)
• Cloprostenol (Spanish)

Generic Names

• Cloprostenol (OS: BAN)
• Cloprostenol Sodium (OS: BANM, USAN)
• ICI 80996 (IS)
• Cloprostenol Sodium (PH: BP vet. 2007)

Brand Names

• Bioestrovet (veterinary use)
  Vetoquinol Biowet, Poland



• Cistrynol (veterinary use)
  Intervet, Italy



• Cloprostenol (veterinary use)
  V.M.D, Poland



• Cyclix (veterinary use)
  Intervet, Poland



• Dalmazin (veterinary use)
  Fatro, Italy; Fatro, Luxembourg; Fatro, Poland; Fatro, Portugal; Selecta, Germany; Ufamed, Switzerland; Virbac, Belgium; Virbac, France



• Estrotek (veterinary use)
  Ati, Italy



• Estrumat (veterinary use)
  Schering-Plough Animal, Norway



• Estrumate (veterinary use)
  Essex Tierarznei, Poland



• Genestran (veterinary use)
  Forte Healthcare, Luxembourg



• Genestranvet (veterinary use)
  Eurovet, Netherlands



• Gonadovet (veterinary use)
  aniMedica, Germany



• Ovaren (veterinary use)
  CP-Pharma, Germany



• Prostol (veterinary use)
  Syva, Portugal



• Veteglan (veterinary use)
  Bio98, Italy; Calier, Portugal



• Cyclix (veterinary use)
  Intervet, Finland; Intervet, Italy; Intervet, Netherlands; Intervet, Sweden; Virbac, France; Virbac, Luxembourg



• Estromil (veterinary use)
  Ilium Veterinary Products, Australia



• Estroplan (veterinary use)
  Parnell, New Zealand; Parnell, United States; Parnell Laboratories, Australia



• Estrumat (veterinary use)
  Galena, Finland; Schering-Plough, Sweden



• Estrumate (Cloprostenol and Chlorocresol (veterinary use))
  Schering-Plough Animal Health, Australia



• Estrumate (veterinary use)
  Essex, Austria; Essex Tierarzneimittel, Germany; Intervet, France; Intervet / Schering-Plough Animal Health, New Zealand; Mallinckrodt, Portugal; Schering-Plough, Ireland; Schering-Plough, Luxembourg; Schering-Plough Animal Health, Belgium; Schering-Plough Animal Health, United States; Schering-Plough Animal Health, South Africa; Schering-Plough Vet, Italy; Schering-Plough Vet, Netherlands; Schering-Plough Veterinary, United Kingdom; Veterinaria, Switzerland



• Genestran (veterinary use)
  Albrecht, Germany; Animedica, Austria; Gräub, Switzerland; Vetcare, Finland; Vetlima, Portugal



• Juramate P (Cloprostenol and Chlorocresol (veterinary use))
  Jurox, Australia



• Juramate (veterinary use)
  Jurox, Australia; Jurox, New Zealand



• Ovsynch (veterinary use)
  Parnell, New Zealand



• Ovuprost (veterinary use)
  Bomac, New Zealand



• PGF Veyx (veterinary use)
  Veyx, Germany; WDT, Germany



• Planate (veterinary use)
  Intervet, France; Schering-Plough, Ireland; Schering-Plough Animal Health, Belgium; Schering-Plough Vet, Netherlands; Schering-Plough Veterinary, United Kingdom

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

BAN	British Approved Name
BANM	British Approved Name (Modified)
IS	Inofficial Synonym
OS	Official Synonym
PH	Pharmacopoeia Name
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)
USAN	United States Adopted Name

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Camylofine

Camylofine may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Camylofine

Camylofin

Camylofine (DCF) is also known as Camylofin (Rec.INN)

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

DCF	Dénomination Commune Française
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Trecator

Trecator is a brand name of ethionamide, approved by the FDA in the following formulation(s):

TRECATOR (ethionamide - tablet; oral)

• 
  Manufacturer: WYETH PHARMS INC
  
  Approved Prior to Jan 1, 1982
  
  Strength(s): 250MG ^[RLD]

Has a generic version of Trecator been approved?

No. There is currently no therapeutically equivalent version of Trecator available.

Note: Fraudulent online pharmacies may attempt to sell an illegal generic version of Trecator. These medications may be counterfeit and potentially unsafe. If you purchase medications online, be sure you are buying from a reputable and valid online pharmacy. Ask your health care provider for advice if you are unsure about the online purchase of any medication.

See also: About generic drugs.

Related Patents

There are no current U.S. patents associated with Trecator.

See also...

• Trecator Consumer Information (Wolters Kluwer)
• Trecator Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)
• Trecator Advanced Consumer Information (Micromedex)
• Trecator AHFS DI Monographs (ASHP)
• Ethionamide Consumer Information (Wolters Kluwer)
• Ethionamide Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)
• Ethionamide Advanced Consumer Information (Micromedex)
• Ethionamide AHFS DI Monographs (ASHP)

Dexlansoprazole

Class: Proton-pump Inhibitors
Chemical Name: 2-[(R)-[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole
Molecular Formula: C₁₆H₁₄F₃N₃O₂S
CAS Number: 138530-94-6
Brands: Dexilant (formerly Kapidex)

Special Alerts:

[Posted 03/02/2011] ISSUE: FDA notified healthcare professionals and the public that prescription proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs may cause low serum magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) if taken for prolonged periods of time (in most cases, longer than one year). Low serum magnesium levels can result in serious adverse events including muscle spasm (tetany), irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias), and convulsions (seizures); however, patients do not always have these symptoms. Treatment of hypomagnesemia generally requires magnesium supplements. In approximately one-quarter of the cases reviewed, magnesium supplementation alone did not improve low serum magnesium levels and the PPI had to be discontinued.

BACKGROUND: PPIs work by reducing the amount of acid in the stomach and are used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach and small intestine ulcers, and inflammation of the esophagus.

RECOMMENDATION: Healthcare professionals should consider obtaining serum magnesium levels prior to initiation of prescription PPI treatment in patients expected to be on these drugs for long periods of time, as well as patients who take PPIs with medications such as digoxin, diuretics or drugs that may cause hypomagnesemia. For patients taking digoxin, a heart medicine, this is especially important because low magnesium can increase the likelihood of serious side effects. Healthcare professionals should consider obtaining magnesium levels periodically in these patients. For additional information, refer to the Data Summary section of the FDA Drug Safety Communication. For more information visit the FDA website at: and .

[Posted 05/25/2010] FDA notified healthcare professionals and patients of revisions to the prescription and over-the-counter [OTC] labels for proton pump inhibitors, which work by reducing the amount of acid in the stomach, to include new safety information about a possible increased risk of fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine with the use of these medications.

The new safety information is based on FDA's review of several epidemiological studies that found those at greatest risk for these fractures received high doses of proton pump inhibitors or used them for one year or more. The majority of the studies evaluated individuals 50 years of age or older and the increased risk of fracture primarily was observed in this age group. While the greatest increased risk for fractures in these studies involved people who had been taking prescription proton pump inhibitors for at least one year or who had been taking high doses of the prescription medications (not available over-the-counter), as a precaution, the “Drug Facts” label on the OTC proton pump inhibitors (indicated for 14 days of continuous use) also is being revised to include information about this risk. FDA recommends healthcare professionals, when prescribing proton pump inhibitors, should consider whether a lower dose or shorter duration of therapy would adequately treat the patient's condition.

The safety communication includes a data summary with a table and references which support the epidemiological studies reviewed for this communication. For more information visit the FDA website at: and .

Introduction

Acid- or proton-pump inhibitor; gastric antisecretory agent.^{1 5} The R-isomer of lansoprazole.^{1 5 32}

Uses for Dexlansoprazole

Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)

Short-term treatment of all grades of erosive esophagitis.^{1 2 5}

Maintenance therapy following healing of erosive esophagitis to reduce recurrence of the disease.^{1 4 5}

Short-term management of symptoms (e.g., heartburn) of GERD in patients without erosive esophagitis.^{1 3}

Crohn's Disease-associated Ulcers

Some evidence for use of proton-pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) for gastric acid suppressive therapy as an adjunct in the management of upper GI Crohn's disease†, including esophageal, gastroduodenal, and jejunoileal disease.^{14 15 16 17 18 19 20}

Dexlansoprazole Dosage and Administration

Administration

Oral Administration

Administer orally once daily.¹

Administer without regard to food; however, if symptoms after a meal do not respond adequately to postprandial administration, consider preprandial administration (because the effect on gastric pH during the initial 4 hours after a dose may be decreased slightly when dexlansoprazole is taken after a meal).^{1 13}

Swallow capsules whole; alternatively, open capsule and sprinkle contents on a tablespoonful of applesauce and swallow immediately without chewing.¹

Dosage

Adults

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Chronic, lifelong therapy with a proton-pump inhibitor is appropriate for many GERD patients.⁶

Treatment of Erosive Esophagitis

Oral

60 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks.¹

Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis

Oral

30 mg once daily.¹ Controlled studies beyond 6 months not performed.¹

GERD without Erosive Esophagitis

Oral

30 mg once daily for 4 weeks.¹

Special Populations

Hepatic Impairment

No dosage adjustment necessary in mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A).¹ Consider maximum dosage of 30 mg daily in moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B).¹ Not studied in severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C).¹

Renal Impairment

No dosage adjustment necessary.¹

Geriatric Patients

No dosage adjustment necessary.¹

Cautions for Dexlansoprazole

Contraindications

• 
  

  Known hypersensitivity to dexlansoprazole or any ingredient in the formulation.¹

  
  

Warnings/Precautions

GI Effects

Response to dexlansoprazole therapy does not preclude presence of occult gastric neoplasm.¹

Sensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) reported.¹

Respiratory Effects

Administration of proton-pump inhibitors has been associated with an increased risk for developing certain infections (e.g., community-acquired pneumonia).^{7 8}

Hip Fracture

Several observational studies suggest that use of proton-pump inhibitors, particularly in high dosages (i.e., multiple daily doses) and/or for prolonged periods of time (i.e., ≥1 year), may be associated with increased risk of osteoporosis-related fractures of the hip, wrist, or spine.^{9 300 301 302 303 304 305 309} Magnitude of risk is unclear;^{9 300 301 302 303 304 305 310} causality not established.³⁰⁵ FDA is continuing to evaluate this safety concern.³⁰⁵

Use the lowest effective dosage and shortest duration of therapy appropriate for the patient's clinical condition.^{9 301 303 305 307 309}

Individuals at risk for osteoporosis-related fractures should receive an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D; assess and manage these patients' bone health according to current standards of care.^{9 303 305 307 309}

Possible Prescribing and Dispensing Errors

Ensure accuracy of prescription; similarity in spelling of Kapidex (former trade name for dexlansoprazole) and Casodex (trade name for bicalutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogenic antineoplastic agent²²⁰ ) or Kadian (a trade name for morphine sulfate, an opiate agonist analgesic²²¹ ) may result in errors.^{217 218 219 223} In April 2010, manufacturer changed trade name for dexlansoprazole from Kapidex to Dexilant to avoid future errors.^{1 217}

Also be aware of potential for Kapidex to be confused with Capadex (fixed-combination propoxyphene/acetaminophen preparation that is available via the Internet and is marketed in certain other countries [e.g., Australia]).^{216 219}

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category B.¹

Lactation

Not known whether dexlansoprazole is distributed into milk; however, lansoprazole and its metabolites are distributed into milk in rats.¹ Discontinue nursing or the drug.¹

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy not established in children <18 years of age.¹

Geriatric Use

No substantial differences in safety and efficacy relative to younger adults, but increased sensitivity of some older patients cannot be ruled out.¹

Hepatic Impairment

Systemic exposure to dexlansoprazole is increased approximately twofold in individuals with moderate hepatic impairment.¹ Not studied in severe hepatic impairment.¹ (See Hepatic Impairment under Dosage and Administration.)

Common Adverse Effects

Diarrhea,^{1 2 4} abdominal pain,^{1 2} nausea,^{1 2} upper respiratory infection,^{1 2 4} vomiting,^{1 2} flatulence.^{1 2}

Interactions for Dexlansoprazole

Metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4.¹

Unlikely to inhibit CYP isoenzymes 1A1, 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A4.¹

Drugs Metabolized by Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes

Substrates of CYP isoenzymes 1A1, 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A: Pharmacokinetic interaction unlikely.¹

Specific Drugs

Drug	Interaction	Comments
Atazanavir	Possible altered oral absorption of atazanavir, resulting in decreased plasma atazanavir concentrations;1 possible loss of virologic response11	Manufacturer of dexlansoprazole states that concomitant administration with atazanavir is not recommended1 Antiretroviral treatment-naive patients: If a proton-pump inhibitor is used concomitantly with atazanavir, administer ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (atazanavir 300 mg and ritonavir 100 mg once daily with food);11 administer the proton-pump inhibitor approximately 12 hours before ritonavir-boosted atazanavir10 11 For treatment-naive patients, dosage of proton-pump inhibitor should not exceed omeprazole 20 mg daily (or equivalent)10 11 Antiretroviral treatment-experienced patients: Concomitant use of proton-pump inhibitors with atazanavir not recommended10 11
Clopidogrel	Certain CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) expected to reduce exposure to clopidogrel's active metabolite and decrease platelet inhibitory effect; potentially may reduce clopidogrel's clinical efficacy.30 31 40 41 42 224 225 228 229 230 235 236 237 238 240 311 Extent to which other proton-pump inhibitors (which may differ in CYP2C19-inhibitory potency) may interfere with clopidogrel's effects is unknown40 41 42 46 224 232	Assess risks and benefits of concomitant proton-pump inhibitor and clopidogrel use in individual patients312 313 314 315 316 American College of Cardiology Foundation/American College of Gastroenterology/American Heart Association (ACCF/ACG/AHA) states that GI bleeding risk reduction with concomitant proton-pump inhibitor in patients with risk factors for GI bleeding (e.g., advanced age; concomitant use of warfarin, corticosteroids, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIAs); H. pylori infection) may outweigh potential reduction in cardiovascular efficacy of antiplatelet treatment associated with a drug–drug interaction.311 In patients without such risk factors, ACCF/ACG/AHA states that risk/benefit balance may favor use of antiplatelet therapy without a proton-pump inhibitor.311
Diazepam	Effect on diazepam pharmacokinetics unlikely1 12
Gastric pH-dependent drugs (e.g., ampicillin esters, digoxin, iron salts, ketoconazole)	Dexlansoprazole may alter drug absorption1
Phenytoin	Effect on phenytoin pharmacokinetics unlikely1 12
Tacrolimus	Possible increase in whole blood tacrolimus concentrations, particularly in transplant patients with intermediate or poor metabolizer phenotypes for CYPC191
Theophylline	Effect on theophylline pharmacokinetics unlikely1 12
Warfarin	No change in warfarin pharmacokinetics or INR observed in healthy individuals given warfarin 25 mg on day 6 of an 11-day course of dexlansoprazole 90 mg once daily;1 12 however, increased PT and INR reported in patients receiving warfarin concomitantly with proton-pump inhibitors1	May need to monitor PT and INR1

Dexlansoprazole Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Commercially available capsules contain 2 types of enteric-coated granules that dissolve at different pH values.¹ Following oral administration, an initial (smaller) peak plasma concentration occurs at 1–2 hours followed by a second (larger) peak concentration at 4–5 hours.^{1 25}

Duration

Following once-daily administration for 5 days, gastric pH is >4 for 17 hours per day with dexlansoprazole 60 mg versus 14 hours per day with lansoprazole 30 mg.¹

Food

Administration in fed versus fasted state not associated with significant difference in mean gastric pH; however, effect on gastric pH during initial 4 hours after a dose may be decreased slightly when dexlansoprazole is taken after a meal.^{1 13} (See Oral Administration under Dosage and Administration.)

Distribution

Plasma Protein Binding

96–99%.¹

Elimination

Metabolism

Extensively metabolized in the liver by oxidation, reduction, and subsequent formation of inactive sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione conjugates.¹ CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 are involved.¹

Major circulating metabolite varies depending on CYP2C19 phenotype, but dexlansoprazole is the major circulating form of the drug regardless of CYP2C19 phenotype.¹

Elimination Route

Eliminated in urine (51%) and feces (48%); unchanged drug is not recovered in urine.¹

Half-life

Approximately 1–2 hours.¹

Special Populations

Intermediate or poor metabolizers of CYP2C19 substrates: Systemic exposure to dexlansoprazole generally is increased.¹ In Japanese men, AUC increased twofold in intermediate metabolizers and up to 12-fold in poor metabolizers compared with extensive metabolizers.¹

Moderate hepatic impairment: Twofold increase in AUC.¹

Renal impairment: Pharmacokinetic alterations not expected.¹

Geriatric individuals: Half-life of 2.2 hours (versus 1.5 hours in younger individuals); not considered clinically important.¹

Stability

Storage

Oral

Capsules

25°C (may be exposed to 15–30°C).¹

Compatibility

For information on systemic interactions resulting from concomitant use, see Interactions.

Oral

Capsules

Immediately use extemporaneous mixtures of capsule contents and applesauce.¹

Actions

• 
  

  Dexlansoprazole is the R-isomer of lansoprazole (a racemic mixture of R- and S-isomers).^{1 5 22} Both isomers inhibit hydrogen-potassium ATPase, but plasma clearance of dexlansoprazole is slower than that of S-lansoprazole.^{25 32}

  
  


• 
  

  Proton-pump inhibitors inhibit basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion.²⁴

  
  


• 
  

  Dexlansoprazole binds to and inactivates hydrogen-potassium ATPase (proton, hydrogen, or acid pump) in gastric parietal cells, blocking the final step in secretion of hydrochloric acid; results in potent, long-lasting inhibition of gastric acid secretion.^{1 22}

  
  

Advice to Patients

• 
  

  Importance of swallowing capsule whole or, alternatively, of opening capsule and sprinkling contents on a tablespoonful of applesauce and swallowing immediately without chewing.¹ Dexlansoprazole may be administered without regard to food (see Oral Administration under Dosage and Administration).¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of continuing therapy for the entire treatment course, unless directed otherwise.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of advising patients that use of multiple daily doses of the drug for an extended period of time may increase the risk of fractures of the hip, wrist, or spine.^{305 309}

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs and herbal supplements, as well as any concomitant illnesses.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of informing clinicians of any symptoms suggestive of an allergic reaction (e.g., facial swelling, rash).¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of women informing their clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information.¹ (See Cautions.)

  
  

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Dexlansoprazole

Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Oral	Capsules, delayed-release (containing enteric-coated granules)	30 mg	Dexilant	Takeda
		60 mg	Dexilant	Takeda

Comparative Pricing

This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 09/2011. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.

Dexilant 60MG Delayed-release Capsules (TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS): 30/$141.58 or 90/$400.01

Disclaimer

This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.

AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2011, Selected Revisions March 28, 2011. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.

† Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

References

1. Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. Dexilant (dexlansoprazole) delayed-release capsules prescribing information. Deerfield, IL; 2010 Mar.

2. Sharma P, Shaheen NJ, Perez MC et al. Clinical trials: healing of erosive oesophagitis with dexlansoprazole MR, a proton pump inhibitor with a novel dual delayed-release formulation--results from two randomized controlled studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 29:731-41. [PubMed 19183157]

3. Fass R, Chey WD, Zakko SF et al. Clinical trial: the effects of the proton pump inhibitor dexlansoprazole MR on daytime and nighttime heartburn in patients with nonerosive reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009; :. [PubMed 19392864]

4. Metz DC, Howden CW, Perez MC et al. Clinical trial: dexlansoprazole MR, a proton pump inhibitor with dual delayed-release technology, effectively controls symptoms and prevents relapse in patients with healed erosive oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 29:742-54. [PubMed 19210298]

5. . Dexlansoprazole (Kapidex) for GERD and erosive esophagitis. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2009; 51:21-2. [PubMed 19305367]

6. DeVault KR, Castell DO, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005; 100:190-200.

7. Laheij RJF, Sturkenboom MCJM, Hassing RJ et al. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia and use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs. JAMA. 2004;292:1955-60.

8. Gregor JC. Acid suppression and pneumonia.; a clinical indication for rational prescibing. JAMA. 2004;292:2012-3. Editorial.

9. Yang Y-X, Lewis JD, Epstein S et al. Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture. JAMA. 2006; 296:2947-53. [PubMed 17190895]

10. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents (Nov 3, 2008). From the US Department of Health and Human Services HIV/AIDS Information Services (AIDSinfo) website.

11. Bristol-Myers Squibb. Reyataz (atazanavir sulfate) capsules prescribing information. Princeton, NJ; 2009 Apr.

12. Vakily M, Lee RD, Wu J et al. Drug interaction studies with dexlansoprazole modified release (TAK-390MR), a proton pump inhibitor with a dual delayed-release formulation: results of four randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre studies. Clin Drug Investig. 2009; 29:35-50. [PubMed 19067473]

13. Lee RD, Vakily M, Mulford D et al. Clinical trial: the effect and timing of food on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel Dual Delayed Release formulation of a proton pump inhibitor--evidence for dosing flexibility. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 29:824-33. [PubMed 19243357]

14. Hanauer SB, Sandborn W, and the Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Management of Crohn's disease in adults: Practice Guidelines. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001; 96:635-43. [IDIS 461432] [PubMed 11280528]

15. Valori RM, Cockel R. Omeprazole for duodenal ulceration in Crohn's disease. Br Med J. 1990; 300:438-9.

16. Bianchi G, Ardizzone S, Petrillo M et al. Omeprazole for peptic ulcer in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991; 86: 245-6. [PubMed 1992643]

17. Przemioslo RT, Mee AS. Omeprazole in possible esophageal Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1994; 39:1594-5. [IDIS 333053] [PubMed 8026276]

18. Dickinson JB. Is omeprazole helpful in inflammatory bowel disease? J Clin Gastroenterol. 1994; 18:317-9.

19. Abrahao LJ Jr., Abrahao LJ, Vargas C et al. [Gastoduodenal Crohn's disease—report of 4 cases and review of the literature]. (Portuguese; with English abstract.) Arq Gastroenterol. 2001; 38:57-62.

20. Freston JW. Review article: role of proton pump inhibitors in non-H. pylori-related ulcers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001; 15(Suppl 2):2-5.

21. Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. Prevacid (lansoprazole) delayed-release capsules, for delayed-release oral suspension, and delayed-release orally disintegrating tablets prescribing information. Deerfield, IL; 2008 Nov.

22. Welage LS. Pharmacologic properties of proton pump inhibitors. Pharmacotherapy. 2003; 23:74S-80S. [PubMed 14587961]

23. Zhang W, Wu J, Atkinson SN. Effects of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel dual delayed release formulation of a proton pump inhibitor, on plasma gastrin levels in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2009; 49:444-54. [PubMed 19318694]

24. AstraZeneca. Prilosec (omeprazole) delayed-release capsules and (omeprazole magnesium) for delayed-release oral suspension prescribing information. Wilmington, DE; 2008 Mar.

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314. Juurlink DN. Proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel: putting the interaction in perspective. Circulation. 2009; 120:2310-2. [PubMed 19933929]

315. Khalique SC, Cheng-Lai A. Drug interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors. Cardiol Rev. 2009 Jul-Aug; 17:198-200. [PubMed 19525682]

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